Charles had an inbreeding coefficient of0.254, making him slightly more inbred than a child of two siblings (0.250). Hesuffered from extensive physical and emotional disabilities, and was a strange(and largely ineffective) king. In one incident, he reportedly ordered that thecorpses of his relatives be dug up so he could look at them. His inability tobear children marked the end of that royal bloodline.
卡洛斯的近交系数为0.254，仅仅比兄妹结婚的近交系数（0.250）高一些。他有重度身体和情绪残疾，是一个极其古怪（也极其无能）的国王。根据史料记载，有一次他要求把他的亲属的尸体都挖出来，这样他就能一直看着他们。由于他没有生育能力，因而皇族血统到他这一任也就终结了。
Self-fertilization is a risky strategy,which is why sex is so popular among large and complex organisms.3 There areoccasionally complex animals that reproduce asexually,4 but this behavior isrelatively rare. It typically appears in environments where it 8217;s difficult toreproduce sexually, whether due to resource scarcity, population isolation . ..
所以说自体繁殖是个很危险的策略，这也是为什么在稍大、稍复杂的种群中，性是如此普遍的原因。3虽然有时一些高等生物也会无性繁殖，4但这种行为是相对罕见的。这种情况通常发生在异性繁殖非常困难的环境中，困难的原因包括资源稀缺、种群分散……
Life finds a way.
生命会找到出路
. . . or overconfident theme parkoperators.
……或者某个过于自信的主题公园管理员。
1 Because 1 is the multiplicative identity.
1．因为1是乘法恒等元。
2 Some forms of SMA are actually caused bya defect in two genes, so in practice the statistical picture is a little morecomplicated.
2．一些种类的脊髓性肌肉萎缩症是由两个基因导致的缺陷造成的，所以实际上患上这种疾病的几率有些不太好计算。
3 Well, one of the reasons.
3．好吧，原因之一。
4 “Tremblay 8217;s Salamander” is a hybridspecies of salamander that reproduces exclusively by self-fertilizing. Thesesalamanders are an all-female species, and 8211; strangely 8211; have three genomesinstead of two. To breed, they go through a courtship ritual with malesalamanders of related species, then lay self-fertilized eggs. The malesalamander gets nothing out of it; he 8217;s simply used to stimulate egg-laying.
4．“特伦布利蝾螈”是一种混种蝾螈，繁殖完全靠自体繁殖完成。进行繁殖的都是雌性蝾螈，让人惊讶的是它们有三组而不是两组基因组。在繁殖期间，雌性蝾螈和雄性蝾螈会进行求爱仪式，然后产下自体受精的卵。雄性蝾螈在这一过程中什么都不会得到，它们的作用只是用来促进产卵。